Throughout modern history there has been a recognizable pattern in how certain states are weakened from within. The tactic relies on exploiting ethnic grievances, turning diversity into division and frustration into political chaos. It is a strategy designed not to reform governments but to render them ungovernable. A clear hallmark of such destabilization campaigns is their repetition of imagery and message. Across nations, slogans, colors, and symbols are recycled to create an illusion of spontaneous uprising. These efforts are often coordinated not necessarily by armies but by information networks, activist groups, and foreign sponsors who amplify small movements into global…
Author: Selam Tesfaye
Abstract Eritrea’s emergence from Italian colonial rule and its subsequent detachment from Ethiopia produced one of Africa’s most militarized and least economically viable states. The country’s hermit nature contradicts its dependence on external patronage, and its use of militarization as a tool of governance reflects the unfinished legacy of partition and state formation in the Horn of Africa. This article traces Eritrea’s evolution from the Italian occupation to the authoritarian consolidation under Isaias Afwerki, examining the historical, economic, and geopolitical conditions that have rendered the state unsustainable. It concludes that a pragmatic confederation between Ethiopia and Eritrea—anchored in shared sovereignty,…